The relevant book Computability in Analysis and Physics by Pour-El and Richards is from 1989 but it is quite readable. The main requirements are a strong mathematical background (mostly in analysis and PDEs and an acquaintance with computability theory) and perhaps some appreciation for physics.
This is better known as the Table Maker's Dilemma.
Say you have some computable number p, that means you can compute a (rational) approximation p' to p within any given tolerance eps > 0 (i.e. you know |p - p'| < eps). To determine whether p > 0, p = 0, or p < 0, you compute an approximation p' to a certain tolerance eps. If p' > eps then you know p > 0, if p < -eps then you know p < 0, otherwise you need a better approximation... Without further knowledge about p, there is no point where you can assert p = 0.
I'm not the expert here, but AOS only applies when you're currently in the US. Has this person been in the US for over a decade without a valid status?
Currently in the US. Reentered US again after visa overstay and maintained valid status since then. Current employee is planning to apply for H-1B next year. Although prior overstay length is < 180 days - the worry is still there.
This is more of a historical question. I have a green card now so this is not currently relevant to me.
I wonder about the use of H1B vs O1 in academia. When I was doing postdocs in the US, I was often told that O1 was not the best route and H1B was easier (edit: for permanent positions). I learned from older colleagues that O1 was actually more frequent in their time (probably in the 90s). This is hearsay, of course, but I heard it often enough that seems somewhat accurate. What changed and could the H1B vs O1 balance change in the future?
The facts will dictate which path but really an H-1B is better, it's just not an option for everyone; it's better for several reasons but primarily it's better to be in H-1B status while pursuing a green card; there are no disruptions in the ability travel during the green card process and no issues with renewing an H-1B visa during the process. Years ago, many founders with existing businesses abroad used the L-1 visa to work in the U.S. and the H-1B wasn't as difficult to get years ago. The use of the O-1 has really exploded during the past 5+ years.
Unfortunately they wouldn’t have access to the registry. But with enough determination, they could still brute force your password by returning repeatedly
Anil Nerode is almost surely the oldest working computer scientist today - https://math.cornell.edu/anil-nerode - He technically is in the math department at Cornell but he has been there since well before Cornell had a computer science department.
