The catch is, I guess, that the chemical here is a protein. We already have TRIM5a in our bodies, it's just not the right allele. Unlike the antiviral action of bleach, this is a mechanism that already works within the bodies of other primates (rhesus monkeys).

Among other possible developments, this might prove the killer application for gene therapy, which has made steady progress in recent years:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_therapy