Yes. Many printers are set to stop printing when the toner gets low. I have a Konica Minolta 2300 that does this, but there is a setting to let it keep printing even when the toner is empty. So when the colors run out, the black will keep printing until it is completely empty. There is no comparable setting for the drum. Once the machine has decided that the drum is finished, you can't print anymore.
It is worth noting that almost every printer I have installed in the last 20 years comes with the settings on 'best quality' which is code for 'use the most toner/ink'. You can often get much greater life and printing speed by changing the default settings to 'economy' or similar. Usually the only time you would notice a lack of quality would be when you print photographs. For the vast majority of printing that I do (office conditions) the quality difference is negligible. The speed and toner savings are not.
It is worth noting that almost every printer I have installed in the last 20 years comes with the settings on 'best quality' which is code for 'use the most toner/ink'. You can often get much greater life and printing speed by changing the default settings to 'economy' or similar. Usually the only time you would notice a lack of quality would be when you print photographs. For the vast majority of printing that I do (office conditions) the quality difference is negligible. The speed and toner savings are not.