My (admittedly not huge) experience with Quarkus would tell me that GraalVM is nowhere near ready, most specifically because of reflection.

You either plan your work around zero reflection Java or pray to whatever god that your code passes.

At that point why even bother with Java or native images.

So I just spent some time looking at all of these you listed. With the exception of libGDX they are all essentially desktop-only (Win/Mac/Linux).

LibGDX appears to support iOS/Android and HTML5 desktop browsers, but not consoles (Switch/PS/Xbox).

I’ve used libGDX. Porting to iOS/Android/HTML5 is honestly a pain.

iOS is actually not that hard, I got it to work using RoboVM, but you have to do some research because the documentation is outdated. HTML doesn’t work with Kotlin because it compiles directly from Java, and because it compiles directly it probably has some extra quirks.

No official support (console makers other than MS are making things a PITA) but Robotality has ported their Pathway game (Based on LibGDX) to the Switch.