As a CLI power user I can say that I don't think CLI gives much productivity wins over UI/IDE debugging. However, it lets you script things, display things that your IDE wouldn't normally display for you and do some automatic or semi-automatic analysis. Also, as you said indeed there is no ollydbg, or rather x64-dbg equivalent on Linux (which is what people use nowadays on Windows as ollydbg is not developed anymore afaik).
Also even if you use GDB in IDE, you still may need to fall back to the embedded GDB console as e.g. some classes are missing pretty printers or the IDE UI does not allow you to investigate navigate things properly. For example when you have a structure field that is void* and is casted to one or another type depending on the context, it is much easier to use the console to investigate it.
Also even if you use GDB in IDE, you still may need to fall back to the embedded GDB console as e.g. some classes are missing pretty printers or the IDE UI does not allow you to investigate navigate things properly. For example when you have a structure field that is void* and is casted to one or another type depending on the context, it is much easier to use the console to investigate it.