Rockets turned out to be expensive not because the technology demanded it, but because the companies were intentionally inefficient, e.g. it was actually fine to build a rocket in a tent with simple tools than to setup a massive clean room facility. This was fine because the government would hand them a blank check with a guaranteed profit percentage, and the handful of commercial customers would just swallow the cost.

However, it isn't as clear if the same applies to semiconductors, since even a bit of dust is indeed a serious problem for producing a chip where the transistors are much smaller than most dust. Until very recently there were no blank checks, every improvement required mostly private investment, so it's less likely that the inefficiencies are intentional.