Ok, so you're going to be scp'ing your binary over manually every time? Do you manually do your other build tasks too?
No, you would have a build script that minifies/concats assets, runs tests, maybe generate docs, then finally deploy using whatever method you happen to be using if everything passes.
This might be a git deploy, or scping files over to some server.
In either case you're never copying 1 file over because that is abstracted away from you by your build script. In return you type 1 command and let your build script do the dirty work for you.
Typing this one command is the same if you're using Go or Node or any other modern language. It doesn't really matter that I have to add a few extra commands to my build script because these are things I only have to do once.
No, you'd just need to copy over one binary. Go programs compile to a system binary.