With web programming, a lot of the initial hassle and set up is gone, and visual learning/iteration by hitting refresh is very easy. So I would say, almost as young as they can play around with a web browser, and type on a computer. You can immediately start seeing results by typing in the Chrome inspector console. I think even a 4-year-old would be able to understand an if/else, but I'm not behavioral psychologist.
yeah that's a good point; I really wonder about conditional statements though, I think control flow should be straight forward, but I would think you might need to start off with variables and primitives at least.. what do you think?